K, Ch'en: Economic Background of the Hui-chang Supperssion of Buddhism, HJAS. Vol. 19. 1956.

四、结 语

人类的社会是人类自己创造出来的，人为一切主体。佛教是人类精神文化的一环。经济活动是人类物质文明的一环。佛教经济是人类文化活动的安排方式之一。

综合以上文献可知，佛教经济之研究，仍与佛教信仰区域的教育有关，如日本佛教大学林立，研究的成绩就可观。知与行是呼应的。因此，探讨佛教对经济的安排，以及佛教经营经济活动的史实，到目前为止其论文还是大部份出自研究佛学及史学的学者，所以是属于传统式的研究方法成果。

过去的传统经济史研究者，是历史学家居多，较注重政治人物嬗递之记载，及社会风气良窳之叙述，进而对官方经济政策运用之实效的分析，乃至民生贫富的史实分析。故传统式的经济史家对数据处理不外乎是搜集、整理、考证与分析。当今经济计量学家除了上述方法之外，加以设定模型、评估等方法。这完全受现代计量方法之影响。近年来计量方法广被使用，数学、统计、计算机发展迅速，对现代经济史料之处理，在方法与观念上已有部份和传统不同。这当然受益于当今数据数量之建立。但进而如研究古代经济史数据，统计数字不够时怎么办呢﹖如古代资料不足，亦常藉抽样或推测等模式。这是借重经济理论及统计方法的结合。经济计量学家正努力于新方法的运用，但刚开始而已。

p. 283

在当今工商业社会，物欲洪流，钱浪淘淘，人类康庄大道在那里，何去何从。笔者介绍过去研究佛教经济的成绩，作一回顾，亦让我们对这相传有二千五百多年的佛教，有「信」、「解」、「行」、「证」丰富经验的史实，重新再作 一评估，可温古知新，对今后人类的前途多一些理智的思考。再者，希望有志之士再作一前瞻﹗

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Retrospect on the Research in Buddhist Economy

by Wu Yung-meng

Economic problems arise from the discrepancy between limited material resources of the society on the one hand and infinite human desires on the other hand. How does Buddhism deal with them? As research in Buddhist economy one either concentrates on the theoretical side of doctrine or on factual life, it divides into two main fields: economic thought and economic history.

Buddhist canonical scriptures provided manifold proposals concerning the solution of livelihood problems in the newly established order, and later on, the viewpoints of Hinayāna and Mahāyāna

p. 9

differed, too. This belongs to the realm of economic thought while the historical treatment of the actual economic life of both the order and Buddhists all over the world is to be relegated to economic history.

This paper collects data on research in Buddhist economy and provides a retrospective analysis of its achiev~ments. Important books and major papers-- on the subject are separately introduced. Due to differences in terms .of the spread of Buddhism and the consultation written materials, most work has been done by Japanese, followed by Chinese. Westerners bring up the rear only.

In the past, the usual methodical approach has been the historical one, but since calculus is widely applied in modern economics, this research method is bound to change. And further more, at this juncture where we are pondering the pending economic problems humankind faces today, the Buddhist experience in dealing with these questions may benefit us. Looking back helps us to look forward.