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文殊智慧中的“和谐”原理

山西省五台山文化研究中心 肖黎民

提要：文殊通过“六妙”智慧与空相应、与真相冥、与外相通、与内相融、与人相和、与物相谐，从而大而化之、圆而通之、等而齐之、和而谐之，进而获得超越之意、和谐之理、圆融之境、自在之法和善转之力。这既是对文殊智慧本义的系统还原，也是对文殊智慧特色的哲学重构。文殊智慧中所蕴涵的有机整体观、辨证思维、超越精神以及对待诸矛盾大而容之、圆而通之的和谐圆融精神，在当今矛盾重重的多极化社会里仍然富有启发意义。

关键词：文殊智慧  六妙法门  和谐原理  佛教哲学  人文精神

Principles of Harmony in Manjusri Wisdom

Xiao Limin

Abstract:

The Sanskrit name Manjusri is interpreted as “excellently auspicious," i.e., Manjusri Wisdom is hard to express in words and inconceivable. Corresponding with emptiness, responded with truth, interlinked with outside, fused with inside, harmonized with human, and communicating with objects by the Six Excellent Dharmas. Manjusri thereby regards all existences as perfect and interfused, all things as equal, all things as harmonious and unified. Because of infinite hugeness and infinite smallness, no boundaries could be seen and one could attain a sense of transcendence, the principle of harmony, the state of perfect penetration without obstruction, the dharma gate of freedom and the power of excellent transformation. By studying Manjusri Wisdom we not only return to the original meaning of Manjusri Wisdom systematically, but also reconstruct the characteristics of Manjusri Wisdom in a philosophical sense. It is the systematic principle of harmony and perfect penetration which is inherent in Manjusri Wisdom that makes it possible for us to finish modern transformation creatively in the new historical background, and supplies intrinsic basis of Buddhist principle for constructing a new humanistic system?new “Six Harmonies"，namely People's geniality, family harmony, interpersonal amiability, humanistic peace, social harmony and world peace.

Manjusri Wisdom is an organic component of Chinese traditional culture as well as the cream of eastern Buddhist culture. Manjusri Wisdom contains the organic view of integrity, dialectical thinking,transcendence, and the spirit of perfect penetration and harmony. In addition, it is significant to the contradictory multi?polarized society today, and undoubtedly it is a best remedy that brings relief to all beings in curing all kinds of “modern diseases" caused by “duality" (separation between subject and object; self and others etc.). In the course of the Return and Reconstruction of Civilization, modern people may gain distinctive inspiration and beneficial enlightenment from the Wisdom.

   “文殊”的梵语意译即为“妙”，以彰其智慧“妙不可言”和“不可思议”。文殊智慧不仅是指“文殊的智慧”，作为佛家智慧的代表和般若的象征，文殊智慧同时也是佛陀智慧，或者更准确些说，所谓文殊智慧就是带有鲜明的文殊个性印记和语言乃至行为标识的佛地智慧。其基本来源，就是表现在大乘佛典里，由“文殊所说”和“佛为文殊所说”或文殊的其它“所说”共同构成的文字般若。

作为大乘法会上“智慧第一”的首席菩萨和“法王子”，文殊极大地辅助了释尊的教化，并在此过程中表现出鲜明的东方个性和“外乡风格”。文殊的“妙智慧”妙就妙在妙达“第一义谛”、妙圆“不二法门”、妙入“自在三昧”、妙转“烦恼菩提”，进而妙言“不即不离”、妙喻“淤泥莲花”诸妙上，可谓无往而不妙。如果从文殊智慧的内蕴上讲，文殊法门就是这“六妙法门”。这“六妙法门”既集中地反映了大乘空宗的通义，又彰显出文殊智慧的鲜明特色和独有的“家法”。特别需要指出的是，由“六妙法门”所彰显的文殊智慧还构成了一个完整的哲学体系。