草木有性与深层生态学(7)
时间:2007-10-10 15:20来源:人生佛教作者:台湾大学… 点击:
注34:有关「国土成佛」,道元禅师曾作《山水经》表显有情与无情的一体无二.他从桑田变沧海的事实来否定青山无情不动的想法,他认为「东山水上行,青山常运步」,而且「青山流水即─大藏经」,这也就是苏东坡悟道偈所说的「溪声尽是广长舌,山色无非清净身.」
注35:仅举三例(1)Lynn White,Jr.,The HostorialRootsof Our Ecocomic Crisis,Science155(1967):1203-7.
(2)Ian L.McHary,Design with Nature,Doubledayand Company,Inc.,(1969)
(3)郑和烈著,黄郁彬译,〈人与自然的和谐〉,《哲学与文化》,第13卷,第3期,75年3月,页165-166.
注36:「创世纪」中说神照自己形象造人,以治理土地,并且「也要管理海里的鱼,空中的鸟和地上各种行动的活生物.」
注37:McHary,Design with Nature,P.26.
注38:White,Historical Roots,P.1207.
注39:Aldous Huxley,Letters of Aldous Huxley in The Extended Circle,P.135.冯沪祥,《环境伦理学》,学生书局,80年,P.526-527.
注40:Lynn White,Historical Roots,P.106.
注41:Smokey the Bear Sutra的全文收於DharmaGaiaAHarvestof Essays in Buddhism and Ecocomy,ed.by Allan Badiner,Parallax Press,1990,pp.236-239.
注42:Robert Aitken,Thoughts on BuddhistEcocomy,Blind Donkey,1985,p.21.
注43:William R.LaFleur,Saigyo and the BuddhistValue of Nature,History of Religions,vo1.13,no.2,1973,pp.93-128.
注44:李奥波是美国森林学家、哲学家,他是生态研究方面的先驱和拓荒者.
注45:AS and County Almanac是在1949年出版,後来又於1966年增订出版.中文译本取名《砂地郡历志》,译者为费张心漪,民国76年出版.
注46:《砂地郡历志》,页212.
注47:A Sand County AlmanacWith Eassys onConservationfrom Round River.(New York BallantineBooks,1966),p.239.
注48:引自Roderick Nash,The Rights of NatureAHistory of Environmental Ethics,TheUniversityof Wisconsin Press,1989,PP.65-66.
注49:Leopold,Some Foundamentals of Conservationin the South-West,Environmental Ethics I,(summer 1979),P.140
注50:有关李奥波「大地美学」的思想,请参阅J.B.Calliott,ed.,Companion to A Sand County Almanac,University of Wisconsin Press,1987,PP.157-71.
注51:A thing is right when it tends to preservethe integrity,stability,and beauty of the bioticcommunity.It is worng when it tends otherwise.Leopold,A Sand County Almanac,P.262.
注52:奈斯在布达佩斯发表的一篇文章,谈论哲学与生态的本质,他称之为深层生态学Naess,The Shallow andthe Deep,Long-Range Ecocomy Movement,Inquiry,16(Spring,1973)
注53:Bill Deval and Gecome Sessions,Deep Ecocomy,Gibbs Smith,Int.1985,PP.65-66.
注54:Dvaid Ehrenfeld,The Arcomanceof Humanism,OxfordUniversity Press,1978.
注55:Devall and Sessions,DeepEcocomy,P.67.
注56:R.Wash,TheRightofNature,The University of WiscosinPress,1989,P.87.
注57:同上,P.3.
注58:Devall and Sessions,Deep Ecocomy,P.70.另见《大自然》季刊,79年1月25日,P.114-115.
注59:Devall and Sessions,Deep Ecocomy,P.75