2. Ibid.

　　　　  3.  Daily Sutras (New York: Zen Studies Society,
　　   1967), p. 43. "Mu" here refers to the realization of
　　   emptiness.

　　　　  4. Nishiyama and Stevens, p. 149.

　　　　　　　　　　　　  P.86

　　　　  5. For a full account of Dogen's views on karman
　　   and morality, see Hee-Jin Kim, Dogen Kigen: Mystical
　　   Realist  (Tucson,  Arizona:  University  of  Arizona
　　   Press. 1975), especially pp. 281-282.

　　　　  6.   Reification  and  hypostatization  are  the
　　   conceptual  maneuvers  which result  in our mistaken
　　   belief in the ownbeing or self-nature of dharmas.

　　　　  7. Nishiyama and Stevens, p. 142.

　　　　  8. "Problems in the Concept of Karma," presented
　　   in October, 1977  at a conference  at SUNY  Buffalo,
　　   one of whose panels  was devoted  to the concept  of
　　   karman.

　　　　  9. Yadav, p. 11.

　　　　  10. Ibid., p. 15.

　　　　  11.  Emphasis  on  this  theme  is  particularly
　　   characteristic　　 of   Yoka   Daishi's　　 "Song   of
　　   Enlightenment."

　　　　  12.  See  Namu  Dai Bosa: A Transmission  of Zen
　　   Buddhism to America, ed.  Louis Nordstrom (New York:
　　   Theatre Arts Books, 1976), section 2.

　　　　  13.  In order that the reader can refer to it in
　　   the course  of reading  this essay  I will state the
　　   koan  in  full.  See  Zenkei  Shibayama  Roshi,  Zen
　　   Comments  on the  Mumonkan  (New  York: New American
　　   Library, 1974), pp. 33-34.

　　   Whenever  Master Hyakujo  gave teisho on Zen, an old
　　   man sat with the monks to listen and always withdrew
　　   when they did. One day, however, he remained behind,
　　   and the master  asked, "Who  are  you standing  here
　　   before  me?" The old  man replied, "I am not a human
　　   being. In the past, in the time of the Kasho Buddha,
　　   I was the head of a monastery. Once a monk asked me,
　　   'Does an enlightened man also fall into causation or
　　   not?' I replied, 'He  does  not.'  Because  of  this
　　   answer, I was made to live as a fox for five hundred
　　   lives.  Now I beg you, please say the turning  words
　　   on my behalf and release  me from the fox body." The
　　   old man then asked Hyakujo, "Does an enlightened man
　　   also fall into causation or not?"

　　   The  Master  said, "He does  not ignore  causation."
　　   Hearing  this  the old man was at once  enlightened.