p.307
According to Whitehead, this can be done by
speculative philosophy. It is "the endeavour to frame
a coherent, logical, necessary system of general
ideas in terms of which every element of our
experience can be interpreted."(9) In the endeavor,
he goes on to say:
Whatever is found in 'practice' must lie within the
scope of the metaphysical description. When the
description fails to include the 'practice', the
metaphysics is inadequate and requires revision.
There can be no appeal to practice to supplement
metaphysics, so long as we remain contented with our
metaphysical doctrines. Metaphysics is nothing but
the description of the generalities which apply to
all the details of practice.
No metaphysical system can hope entirely to satisfy
these pragmatic tests. At the best such a system will
remain only an approximation to the general truths
which are sought. In particular, there are no
precisely stated axiomatic certainties from which to
start. There is not even the language in which to
frame them.(10)
Thus philosophers can never hope to formulate
metaphysical first principles because of weakness of
insight and deficiency of language.(11) Moreover, "we
can never catch the actual world taking a holiday
from their sway."(12) The only alternative is to
capture these metaphysical principles by "flashes of
insight" and develop an "asymptotic approach to a
scheme of principles."(l3)
Thus Whitehead has made it plain that the world
structure in entirety cannot be known by principles
or universals, but it is not a hopeless task to work
from the aspect of "things as they are" in their
becomingness to the greater generalized
characterization of those things in the "inclusive
whole."(l4) In this scheme, there is the rational as
well as the empirical side, or there are the