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Whitehead's `actual entity' and the Buddha&a(7)

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     chapters  3 and 4 of Science  and the Modern World
     (New York: Macmillan Co., 1948).
     6.  Science  and the Modern World, pp. 76-77.
     7. Ibid., p. 84.
     8. A. N. Whitehead, The Concept of Nature (Ann Arbor:
     The University of Michigan Press, 1957), p.4.


              p.307

     According   to  Whitehead,  this   can  be  done   by
     speculative philosophy. It is "the endeavour to frame
     a  coherent,  logical, necessary  system  of  general
     ideas  in  terms  of  which  every  element   of  our
     experience  can  be interpreted."(9) In the endeavor,
     he goes on to say:

     Whatever is found in 'practice' must lie within the
     scope  of  the  metaphysical  description.  When  the
     description  fails  to  include  the  'practice', the
     metaphysics  is  inadequate  and  requires  revision.
     There  can  be  no appeal  to practice  to supplement
     metaphysics, so long as we remain contented  with our
     metaphysical  doctrines.  Metaphysics  is nothing but
     the description  of the generalities  which apply  to
     all the details of practice.
     No metaphysical system can hope entirely to satisfy
     these pragmatic tests. At the best such a system will
     remain  only an approximation  to the general  truths
     which  are  sought.   In  particular,  there  are  no
     precisely stated axiomatic certainties  from which to
     start.  There  is not even the language  in which  to
     frame them.(10)

     Thus  philosophers   can  never   hope  to  formulate
     metaphysical  first principles because of weakness of
     insight and deficiency of language.(11) Moreover, "we
     can never  catch the actual  world  taking  a holiday
     from  their  sway."(12) The  only  alternative  is to
     capture these metaphysical  principles by "flashes of
     insight"  and develop  an "asymptotic  approach  to a
     scheme of principles."(l3)
     Thus  Whitehead  has made  it plain  that the world
     structure  in entirety  cannot be known by principles
     or universals, but it is not a hopeless  task to work
     from  the aspect  of "things  as they  are"  in their
     becomingness   to   the   greater   generalized
     characterization of those things in the "inclusive
     whole."(l4) In this scheme, there is the rational  as
     well  as  the  empirical   side,  or  there  are  the