Ubbegapiti  (uplifting rapture) causes leviation while

　　   pharanapiti (all-pervading rapture) suffuses the whole

　　   body.Again  Buddhaghosa  states  that piti annihilates

　　   dukkha  which  suggests  the physical  association  of

　　   dukkha (bodily pain).The  Parama-dittha-dhamma-nibbana

　　   -vadins also believed in the physical association of

　　   piti   and   the   three   feelings   for  they   also

　　   differentiated between the three types of feelings and

　　   somanassa-   domanassa.Moreover  piti  is  inseparably

　　   connected  with sukha, and sukha is explicitly  stated

　　   to  be experienced  through  the  kaya(  注 15)in  the

　　   description of the third jhana.

　　　　   The　　 Parama-ditthadhamma-nibbannavadins　　 were

　　   divided   into  four  groups.Each   of  these   groups

　　   identified  the experience  of one of the four jhanas

　　   with  the  attainment  of  Nibbana  in  this  visible

　　   world.The fourth jhana represents  the highest peak of

　　   agreeable  experience  that  can  be attained  by this

　　   religious sect.

　　   ──────────────

　　 (14)   Heneploa   Gunaratana,  ibid.  pp. 61 ～ 62;

　　　　　　 Visuddhimagga (Ed.  Henry Clarke Warren.Revised

　　　　　　 by  Dhammananda   Kosambi,  Harvard  University

　　　　　　 press, 1950) p.117.

　　   (15)   kaya   means both body and the mental states in

　　　　　　 Buddhist scriptures.Perhaps both these meanings

　　　　　　 are   implied   in  the   present   context.The

　　　　　　 Parama-ditthadhamma-nibbanavadins  most

　　　　　　 probably used the expression"kayena"in order to

　　　　　　 show the association of sukha with body.

　　　　　　　　　　　　  465 页

　　   It can be reasonably assumed that like the different

　　   religious  groups  of that  time  the Parama-ditt-

　　   hadhamma-nibbanavadins also strove for the cessation

　　   of dukkha, the painful feeling.

　　　　  The  end of dukkha  may  either  merely  mean  the

　　   absence of dukkha, or it may indicate the presence  of

　　   an agreeable feeling which prevents the rise of dukkha

　　   in mind, and thus marks  the cessation  of any further

　　   experience  of the painful feeling.As  we have already

　　   pointed out, dukkha, being a feeling  ( vedana? ), is

　　   like the other two feelings, invariably connected with