techniques followed by the non-Buddhist sramana

　　　　　　 sects  make it clear that any agreeable  mental

　　　　　　 element   automatically　　 arieses   when   one

　　　　　　 eliminates the disagreeable mental element.This

　　　　　　 method was successfully followed by these sects

　　　　　　 in order to get rid of any disagreeably  vedana

　　   ?　　 or sanna . But such accounts run counter to the

　　　　　　 Law of Pratitya-samutpada  which  teaches  that

　　　　　　 "A"  existing   "B"  come  into   existence.The

　　　　　　 becoming  of  "B"  is  dependent  on the  prior

　　　　　　 existence of "A".With the disappearance of "A"

　　　　　　 "B" will also cease to exist.The non-existence

　　　　　　 of anything ─ actual or nctional ─ cannot be

　　　　　　 the determining  cause  for  the  becoming  of

　　　　　　 something. For example, the creation of a type

　　　　　　 of pitisukha has been made to be dependent on the

　　　　　　 disappearance of kama and akusaladhammas while

　　　　　　 a more subtle type of pitisukha is generated by

　　　　　　 the calming  down  of vitakka  and vicara.Again

　　　　　　 the arising  of pure sukha  and the feeling  of

　　　　　　 adukkhamasukham are dependent on the detachment

　　　　　　 from   piti   and   the  giving   up  of  sukha

　　　　　　 respectively.It is obvious that the formulas of

　　　　　　 the four rupa jhanas were created  by those who

　　　　　　 had no idea of the Law of Pratitya samudpada.

　　　　　　　　　　  480 页

　　   of mind due to the influence  of sukha  on mind  which

　　   bends  towards  and intensely  enjoys  the feeling  of

　　   sukha.So Sukha is also given up by following  the same

　　   method of first generating  aversion for sukha through

　　   deliberations  and  then  withdrawing  attention  from

　　   it.The contents of judgemental  deliberations  in this

　　   case  comprise  the  grossness  of jhana  due  to  the

　　   adverse  effects of sukha.

　　　　  It is to be noted  that  the  undesirable  mental

　　   elements are without exception discarded in a state of

　　   non-absorption   in   between   the   two   meditative