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       false  view (ditthi): "Sir, as the soul (atta )

       which  is supplied  with  the five  objects  of

       desire, is  in  complete  possession  of  them,

       enjoys himself, Sir, the soul thus has attained

       the supreme Nibbana  in the visible world."(注 8)

       Thus do some proclaim  the supreme  Nibbana  in

       the visible world for an existing being.

 

     b)Final stage

 

       To him someone else says:

       "Sir there  is indeed  this atta of which  you

       speak. I do not say that this

     ──────────────

     (8) Yato......ayam  atta  pancahi  kamagunehi  samappito

      samangibhuto   paricareti  ettavata......ayam   atta

      parama-ditthadhamma-nibbanappatto hoti (D. Nikaya I,

      p.36 ).

 

             461 页

 

       does  not exist, but this  atta  thus  has  not

       attained  the  supreme  Nibbana  in the visible

       world.Why? Sir, the  desirable  objects  (kama)

       are impermanent, painful, and naturally subject

       to change;  as they become  transformed  grief,

       lamentation,  pain,  melancholy   and   despair

       (soka-parideva-dukkha-domanassa-upayasa) arise.

       Since this atta ? having separated itself from

       desirable objects and unwholesome mental states

       attains  the  first  jhana  and abides  therein

       which   is  born  of  separation   (vivekajam),

       characterised   by   rapturous   happiness

       (pitisukham) and  accompanied  by  thoughts  of

       enquiry  and judgemental  decision  (savitakkam

       savicaram),( 注 9)  to  that  extent  it  has

       attained  the  supreme  nibbana  in the visible

       world."

       Thus do some declare the supreme nibbana in the

       visible world of an existing being.

 

       To him someone else says: