It is to be noted that the agreeable mental state

　　   arising out of the enjoyment of five types of external

　　   objects  is not  called  "sukha".It  is not given  any

　　   particular  name,  and  is  simply  equated  with  the

　　   supreme  Nibbana   as  it  keeps  in  abeyance   the

　　   disagreeable  mental states.Sukha  is a technical term

　　   which  stands  for  a particular  type  of feeling  of

　　   happiness to be experienced  only in meditation of the

　　   rupa sphere.

　　　　   According  to the informations  preserved  in the

　　   Brahmajalasutta,  the   medi-tator   understands   the

　　   disadvantages  of kama because of its impermanency and

　　   the  resultant  unwholesome  mental  states  of  grief

　　   etc.Consequently   he  separates   himself   from  the

　　   desirable sense- objects and unwholesome mental states

　　   (kamehi  vivicca  akusalehi   dhammehi   vivicca).This

　　   sequence of happenings  in the life of a meditator  is

　　   instructive.It   is  obvious   that   the  meditator's

　　   separation from

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　　   (22) Majjhima Nikaya, Vol. I, pp. 114ff.

　　　　　　　　　　  469 页

　　   kama   and  akusala-dhamma   is  the  result   of  his

　　   judgemental deliberations showing the disadvantages of

　　   kama.Such  deliberations, as we shall  see  later, are

　　   comparable  to vitakka  referred  to in the Dvedha  ?

　　   vitakkasutta.These  deliberations  are  based  on  the

　　   direct  experience  of  the  meditator  regarding  the

　　   impermanency   of  sense-objects,  and   they   create

　　   aversion  for the sense-objects  and thus  enable  the

　　   meditator to get separated from them.

　　　　   As already  noted  in the  prepartory  stage, the

　　   meditator experiences  kamas and the resultant painful

　　   mental   states  of  grief  etc.This   is  immediately

　　   followed  by the statement  that the meditator  enters

　　   the  first  jhana, the description  of which  includes

　　   such expressions  as savitakkam  and savicaram and the

　　   information  about the giving  up of the kamas and the

　　   akusala-dhammas.On  the basis of the account  given in

　　   the preparatory  stage( 注 23)we can conclude  that

　　   kama means  the five desirable  sense-objects, and the

　　   akusala-dhammas refer to the unwholesome mental states

　　   (e.g.grief, lamentation  etc.) one experiences  due to