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提要

　　在印度的宗教哲学传统中，佛教原是一个重于生活实践的宗教，而在宗教实践的过程中，所牵涉到的伦理道德与价值观念问题，佛教则有一个以其基本教义为基础的理论体系。这一个理论体系所涵盖的伦理学问题，可以从西方伦理学的几个基本问题之角度来作探讨，诸如意志自由，善与恶，为我主义与利他主义，仁爱与公正原理等问题。本文即试从这个角度，来探讨佛教中对决定论与自由论的看法，并针对原始佛教与大乘佛教所依据的教理，探究它们所关涉的重要伦理学观念。

　关键词：佛教伦理学、意志自由、为我主义与利他主义、混合的义务论理论、菩萨与慈悲

* 台湾大学哲学研究所博士班研究，华严专宗佛学研究所兼任讲师。

The Study on Buddhist Ethics

Graduate School of Philosophy, National Taiwan University
Liu, Jia-cherng

Abstract

　　 In the tradition of religious philosophy of India, Buddhism is a religion which emphasizes greatly on practice, and Buddhism has a system of ethical theory based on its central doctrines regarding the problems of morals and value derived from the process of practice. The problems of Buddhist ethics can be discussed with reference to those in  western ethics, e.g. the problems of free will, of good and evil, of Egoism and Altruism, of love and justice, etc. This paper investigates the problem of freedom and determinism in the Buddhism, and the important concepts of the ethics in the early Buddhism and in the Mahayana Buddhism from the prospective of western ethics.

Key words: Buddhist、 Ethicsfree will、 Egoism and Altruism、 Mixed deontological theory、 Bodhisattva and maitrya-karuna