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Zeno and Naagaarjuna on motion(12)

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     is in favor of a theory  of meaning, which takes into
     account  such things as coherence  and pragmatic  and
     contextual  considerations.  We  may  thus  say  that
     Naagaarjuna seeks to demonstrate the impossibility of
     constructing a rational speculative metaphysics.
      As one step  in this  demonstration, MMK II seeks
     to show  the  nonviability  of any account  of motion
     which makes absolute distinctions  or which assumes a
     correlation  between  the terms  of the analysis  and
     reals, that is, any analysis  which  is not tied to a
     specific  context  or purpose  but  is propounded  as
     being universally valid.  Thus once again Naagaarjuna
     differs from Zeno-here, in that


              p.289

     he is not arguing  against  the  possibility  of real
     motion (indeed  he argues against  rest as well), but
     only  against  the  possibility  of  our  giving  any
     coherent, universally  valid  account  of motion.  To
     this end he employs two different  types of argument:
     (a) "conceptual"  arguments, which exhibit the absurd
     consequences  of  any   attempt  at  mapping  meaning
     structures  onto  an extralinguistic  reality;  these
     exploit   such  things   as  the  substance-attribute
     relationship,  designation   and   predication;   (b)
     "mathematical" arguments, which exploit the anomalies
     which   arise  when  we  presuppose   continuous   or
     discontinuous  time and/or space.  Arguments  of type
     (a) have already received considerable attention from
     scholars  of  Maadhyamika;   thus  the  bulk  of  the
     remainder  of this article  will  focus  on arguments
     which we feel belong in category (b).
      It is MMK II:1 to which Kajiyama  refers  when he
     calls Naagaarjuna's arguments "Zeno-like." And indeed
     there is a clear resemblance  between this and Zeno's
     Arrow Paradox.

     Gata^m na gamyate taavadagata^m naiva gamyate
     gataagatavinirmukta^m gamyamaana^m na gamyate

     The gone-to is not gone to, nor is the not-yet-gone-to;
     In the  absence  of the gone-to  and  the  not-yet  -
     gone-to, present-being-gone-to is not gone to.

     The model which is under scrutiny  here is that which
     takes  both time and space to be continuous, that is,
     infinitely divisible. The argument focuses explicitly
     on  infinitely   divisible   space,  but   infinitely
     divisible time must be taken as a suppressed  premise