of the activity of going (gati).  Wherefore  of this,
　　   "Present-being-gone-to  is being  gone to" [is said].
　　   The word " hi" means "because."  Therefore because of
　　   the saying  that present-being-gone-to, though devoid
　　   of the activity  of going  (gati), is truly  gone to,
　　   here the action (kriyaa) [of going]  is employed, and
　　   from this it follows that going (gamana) is devoid of
　　   the activity of going (gati).(17)

　　   In order  for us to understand  this, it is necessary
　　   that   we  back   up  for  a  moment   and  look   at
　　   Candrakiirti's  comments  on II:2.  There  he has the
　　   opponent elaborate his supposition with the following
　　   remarks:   "Where   gati   is   obtained,   that   is
　　   present-being-gone-to, and  that  is known  from  the
　　   action  of going.  It is for just  this  reason  that
　　   present-being-gone-to is said to be gone-to.  The one
　　   is for the purpose  of knowledge  (j~naanaartha), and
　　   the other is for the purpose  of arriving  at another
　　   place　　 (de'saantarasampraaptyartha)   ."(18)　　 The
　　   opponent's  thesis is that movement or the process of
　　   going   is   to   be   found   in   the   moment   of
　　   present-being-gone-to; but since the latter is not an
　　   abiding  feature  of our  world, but  rather  just  a
　　   convenient  fiction or conceptual fiction, there must
　　   be available  some mark or characteristic  whereby it
　　   is known or singled  out.  This mark is the action of
　　   going (gamikriyaa). The referent of this attribute is
　　   the real process of going, namely, gati, the activity
　　   of going. The term gamana, 'going', is now introduced
　　   in order to signify the product of the assertion that
　　   present-being-gone-to  is  being gone to, namely, the
　　   going  whereby  present-being-gone-to  is  supposedly
　　   being gone-to.
　　　　  Naagaarjuna's  argument  is that by speaking of a
　　   going  of present-being-gone-to, we forfeit the right
　　   to　　 speak　　 of   an   activity　　 of   going　　 of
　　   present-being-gone-to.  Candrakiirti's elaboration of
　　   this  argument  may be put as follows: The object  of
　　   the opponent  is to locate  the activity  of going in
　　   present-being-gone-to, but before this can be done he
　　   must first isolate  this moment.  Since the notion of
　　   present-being-gone-to  is abstracted  from  a complex
　　   historical  occurrence, it is necessary  that  it  be
　　   designated through the arbitrary assignment to it of

　　　　　　　　　　　　  p.293