same  name "Bodhisattvecchantika"  (菩萨阐提  )26 or

　　   "mahaakaru.na-bodhisattva"or"Mahaa-karu.necchantika"

　　   (大悲阐提  )27 named  by Kuei-chi.  In this case, we

　　   can call  that the "Avalokite'svara-bodhisattva"  is

　　   the "Mahaakaru.na-bodhisattva" (大悲阐提 ).  But can

　　   we  say  that   this   "Avalokite'svara-bodhisattva"

　　   belongs  to the  Fifth  Nature, the  "aatyantika"? I

　　   think, not only Kuei-chi, but also  we will say "No"

　　   for  its  answer, because  Kuei-chi  in VMSVy  [c-k]

　　   claims  that  the  Fifth  Nature,  the  "agotra"  or

　　   "icchantika"  has  its  own  three  kind-natures, in

　　   which  the  "Mahaakaru.necchantika"  and "atyantika"

　　   are  involved.  Therefore, it can be said  that  the

　　   only "maha-karu.na-bodhisattva"  does not belong  to

　　   "aatyantika", and only  "aatyantika"  also  can  not

　　   represent  the  Fifth  Nature, as according  to  the

　　   theories of Kuei-chi's VMSVy [c-k].

　　   III. The Third Problem of "aatyantika"

　　　　  If Kuei-chi holds that the "agotra"  is only the

　　   "aatyantika"(阿颠底迦)or the"pi-ching-wu-chung-hsing"

　　   (毕竟无种姓, "atyantagotra", or "aatyantikaagotra"),

　　   why does he in PPHV Not only explains  that the both

　　   Eighth  Vij~naana  and  Seventh  Vij~naana  are good

　　   natures,  but   also   selects   the   theories   of

　　   "tathagata-garbha" (如来藏 )and "Buddha-gotra" (佛性

　　   )for the explanation  of the nature  of "Chien-hsing

　　   cheng-hsing"   (遣相证性   ) ,  one   of  the   Five

　　   Vij~naanavaada-perceptions (五重唯识观 )?

　　　　  As concerning  the above problem, let us see the

　　   following　　 table　　 which   contains　　 Kuei-chi's

　　   explanations  of both  vij~naanas.  (Please  see the

　　   next paper.

　　   The new important  theories  in above  table  are as

　　   follows:

　　   (1) Both "citta" (心 )= Eighth vij~naana and "manas"

　　　　  (意 )= Seventh vij~naana are possessing the good

　　　　  characters  or natures, which are different from

　　　　  the  indeterminate  (avyak.rta,  无记  ) natures

　　　　  mentioning in Tri^m'sikaa and VMS etc. 28

　　   (2) Both vij~nanas, though separately  having  their