Turning to Tso^n-kha-pa's section,(53) defending
the denial of the four alternatives, this concerns
the presence and absence of entities. Tso^n-kha-pa
states that there are only two possibilities for an
entity, that is, accomplished by own-nature, and
efficient. Then, if the first alternative is stated
in the form, "An entity exists." this is denied; the
denial meaning to the Praasa^ngika-Maadhyamika that,
in the case of both truths (sa.mv.rti and
paramaartha), one denies that an entity exists
accomplished by own-nature. while; the efficient
entity is denied in the paramaartha or absolute
sense but not conventionally.
Likewise, the Praasa^ngika-Maadhyamika rejects
the nonexistence of an entity, should someone affirm
the nonexistence of an entity accomplished by
own-nature among the unconstructed (asa.msk.rta)
natures (dharma).
Likewise, this Maadhyamika rejects the
simultaneity of existence of that sort of entity
with the nonexistence of the other sort of entity.
And he rejects that there are neither, even one
accomplished by own-nature.
While I have insisted that the ultimate nature
is affirmed by the four denials, it should be
granted that the acceptance of this absolute in
Naagaarjuna's Maadhyamika is a matter much disputed
by Western scholars; de Jong's thoughtful
article(54) on the topic deserves consultation. In
any case, Candrakiirti's position is clear, as he
states in his own commentary on the
Madhyamakaavataara:
P.14
Regarding this sort of svabhaava (self-existence) as
written in particular (Madhyamaka-kaarikaa, XV,
1-2), received from the mouth of the aacaarya (=
Naagaarjuna), does it exist? (In answer:) As to its
authorization, the Bhagavat proclaimed that whether
Tathaagatas arise or do not arise, this true nature
of dharmas abides, and so on, extensively. The "true
nature" (dharmataa) (of that text, = svabhaava)
(necessarily) exists. Which (elements) have this
"true nature"? These, the eye, etc. have this
svabhaava. And what is their svabhaava? Their