written an article  entitled, "Some Logical  Aspects
　　   of  Naagaarjuna's   System, "(5)  which  included  a
　　   discussion  of the  four  alternatives, and  himself
　　   having a section entitled "Naagaarjuna's  Logic" in
　　   his  book  (Early  Maadhyamika...).(6) Chatalian, in
　　   turn, asserts that Robinson  did not justify his use
　　   of the word' logic"  in his book.(7) While  agreeing
　　   with  Chatalian  thus far, I still  am puzzled  by a
　　   seeming overattention  by Robinson and Chatalian  to
　　   other persons' uae of the word "logic." Quine points
　　   out that while  writers  have  used the term "logic"
　　   with varying  scope, a common part of their usage is
　　   called  "the  science  of  necessary   inference,"
　　   although   he   admits   that   this   is   a  vague
　　   description.(8) He then states that it is less vague
　　   to call logical certain  locutions, including  `if',
　　   `then', `and', `or', `not', `unless', `some', `all',
　　   `every',   `any',  `it',   etc.   Further more,  he
　　   mentions  that  a set  pattern  of  employing  these
　　   locutions   allows   us  to  speak  of  the  logical
　　   structure.  This is tantamount  to saying that every
　　   grammatical  English sentence in the indicative mood
　　   has  a  logical  structure.  Then, when  Naagaarjuna
　　   writes   (Madhyamaka-kaarikaa,  XVIII,  8) ,  in  an
　　   English  translation, "all  is  genuine  or  is  not
　　   genuine..."  this  has a logical  structure. Indeed,
　　   every statement  with the pattern, "Every  X is an a
　　   or  a b," has  the  same  logical  structure.  Quine
　　   further qualifies a statement  as logically  true if
　　   its logical  structure  alone yields truth; and thus
　　   his  use of the  term  "logic"  involves  truth  and
　　   falsehood  in this  sense. Other  writers  have used
　　   such   terms   as   "formally   valid, "   "analytic
　　   proposition," or "tautology"  as closely related  to
　　   this   usage   of   "logic."(9)   Accordingly,   the
　　   application   of  symbolic  logic  to  Naagaarjuna's
　　   statements, to prove  them logically  true or false,
　　   goes along  with such a title  as "the logic  of the
　　   four alternatives"; and this application of symbolic
　　   logic has been engaged in by H.  Nakamura, Robinson,
　　   Jayatilleke, R. S. Y. Chi,

　　　　　　　　　　　　  P.5

　　   among  others,  including  Shohei  Ichimura  in  his
　　   recent  dissertation.   "A  Study  on  Naagaarjuna's