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William James and Yogaacaara philosophy: A comparative inqui(5)

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      On   the   basis   of  the   indivisibility   of
     experience,  James  concludes   that  the  conscious
     field, its object, the attitude  toward  the object,
     and  the  sense  of  a self  to which  the  attitude
     belongs all meld together  to form "a full fact, the
     kind  to  which  all  realities  belong, unlike  the
     abstract  'object'  when taken alone."(16) Here, the
     encompassing  nature of experience for James becomes
     clear  when  he  states  that  "all  realities"  are
     enveloped by it.  His more radical way of stating it
     is that

              P.226

     experience  is all there  is, the materia  prima  of
     everything, which  cannot  be pinned  down to either
     inner  or  outer  reality.(17) This  is one  of  the
     meanings of James' term "pure experience."  (For the
     other, more technical, usage see section  IV.) "Pure
     experience" in this context is a slightly misleading
     term, for it connotes  a form or level of experience
     that is pure or contentless, while James means by it
     that  we live in a world  that  is purely, that  is,
     solely, experience.

      Just as experience is the cornerstone  of James'
     empirical  philosophy,  it  provides  the  point  of
     departure   for  the  philosophy   unfolded  in  the
     Madhyaantvibhaaga.  The text opens  in kaarikaa  I.1
     with   the   statement   "imagination   exists"
     (abhuutaparikalpo 'sti). That is, the mental life in
     all  its  vicissitudes  is  uncontestably  real,  an
     undebatable   postulate  of  Yogaacaara  philosophy.
     Imagination here is synonymous with what James calls
     experience,  but  the  Sanskrit  compound   is  more
     descriptive   because   it  contains   an   explicit
     reference  to  its  misleading  quality.   The  full
     translation of the term is "imagination of the false
     (or  unreal)." The next  phrase  specifies  what  is
     misleading  about  it: "There  is no duality  in it"
     (dvaya.m  tatra na vidyate).  Like James, Yogaacaara
     upholds the ultimate integrity of experience  in its
     indivisibility  into "experience" and "content.'' In
     Yogaacaara   terminology,  experience   is   "empty"
     (`suunya)  of  this  division.  Commenting  on  this
     verse, Sthiramati explains that "the imagination  of
     what is false, being  devoid  of a real subject  and