On the basis of the indivisibility of
experience, James concludes that the conscious
field, its object, the attitude toward the object,
and the sense of a self to which the attitude
belongs all meld together to form "a full fact, the
kind to which all realities belong, unlike the
abstract 'object' when taken alone."(16) Here, the
encompassing nature of experience for James becomes
clear when he states that "all realities" are
enveloped by it. His more radical way of stating it
is that
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experience is all there is, the materia prima of
everything, which cannot be pinned down to either
inner or outer reality.(17) This is one of the
meanings of James' term "pure experience." (For the
other, more technical, usage see section IV.) "Pure
experience" in this context is a slightly misleading
term, for it connotes a form or level of experience
that is pure or contentless, while James means by it
that we live in a world that is purely, that is,
solely, experience.
Just as experience is the cornerstone of James'
empirical philosophy, it provides the point of
departure for the philosophy unfolded in the
Madhyaantvibhaaga. The text opens in kaarikaa I.1
with the statement "imagination exists"
(abhuutaparikalpo 'sti). That is, the mental life in
all its vicissitudes is uncontestably real, an
undebatable postulate of Yogaacaara philosophy.
Imagination here is synonymous with what James calls
experience, but the Sanskrit compound is more
descriptive because it contains an explicit
reference to its misleading quality. The full
translation of the term is "imagination of the false
(or unreal)." The next phrase specifies what is
misleading about it: "There is no duality in it"
(dvaya.m tatra na vidyate). Like James, Yogaacaara
upholds the ultimate integrity of experience in its
indivisibility into "experience" and "content.'' In
Yogaacaara terminology, experience is "empty"
(`suunya) of this division. Commenting on this
verse, Sthiramati explains that "the imagination of
what is false, being devoid of a real subject and