"a ritual Practice which was not of Buddhist origin, and since it
　　　　  was damaging to the health was to be abolished forthwith" (Wang
　　　　  Jinglin, Zhongguo gudai siyuan shenghuo [Xi'an Xi'an xinhua
　　　　  yinshuchang, 1991]), p. 39. It remains to be seen whether this has
　　　　  had any discernible influence on ordination practice in China.
　　　　  (2) See Taisho shinshu daizokyo, ed. Takakusu Junjiro et al., 100
　　　　  vols. (Tokyo: Taisho Issaikyo Kankokai, 1924-32), 1494; cited as T
　　　　  hereafter, with volume, text, page number, register, and line number
　　　　  given in that order. Chinese characters for texts, personal names,
　　　　  and technical terms appear in a glossary in the appendix.
　　　　  (3) T.945.
　　　　  (4) The term "apocryphal text" and the translation of the tides of
　　　　  apocryphal texts ("The Book of ...") is consistent with that used
　　　　  throughout Robert E. Buswell, Jr., ed., Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha
　　　　  (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990).
　　　　  (5) There are of course exceptions, and notable among them is
　　　　  Antonino Forte. See, e.g., his Political Propaganda and Ideology in
　　　　  China at the End of the Seventh Century: Inquiry into the Nature,
　　　　  Authors and Function of the Tunhuang Document S 6502, Followed by an
　　　　  Annotated Translation (Napoli: Instituto Universitario Orientale,
　　　　  1976).
　　　　  (6) See my "Is Self-Immolation a `Good Practice'?: Yongming
　　　　  Yanshou's Endorsement of Relinquishing the Body in His Wanshan
　　　　  tonggui ji" (paper delivered at the annual meeting of the American
　　　　  Academy of Religion, San Francisco, November 25, 1997). For the
　　　　  passage in question, see Wanshan tonggui ji (Treatise on the Common
　　　　  End of the Myriad Good Practices), T48.2017.969b26-c19.
　　　　  (7) The biographical sources for self-immolators are many, but
　　　　  significant collections may be found in the following: Gaoseng zhuan
　　　　  (Biographies of Eminent Monks), comp. Huijiao, ca. 531, T.50.2059;
　　　　  Xu gaoseng zhuan (Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks), comp.
　　　　  Daoxuan, preface dated 645, T.501060; Song gaoseng zhuan (Song
　　　　  Dynasty Biographies of Eminent Monks), comp. Zanning, 988,
　　　　  T.50.2061; Bu xu gaoseng zhuan (Supplementary Continued Biographies
　　　　  of Eminent Monks), comp. Minghe, Xuzang jing (Continued Canon), 150
　　　　  vols. (Taipei: Xinwen feng, 1968-78; reprint of Dai Nihor Zokuzokyo,
　　　　  Kyoto: Zokyo shoin, 1905-12), 134.320b-326a, cited as "XZJ"
　　　　  hereafter Xin xu gaoseng zhuan (New Continued Biographies of Eminent
　　　　  Monks), Dazang jing bubian (Buddhist Canon: Supplementary Section),