114, n. 125, notes a dissertation by Ronald Epstein that attempts to
　　　　  prove an Indian origin for the text. I have not seen this, but I
　　　　  would say that the presence of a recommendation of burning the body
　　　　  spoken by the Buddha would alone argue for the apocryphal nature of
　　　　  the text.
　　　　  (12) On the date of the Fanwang jing, see Groner, p. 255. See
　　　　  Jacques Gernet, "LA-s suicides par le feu chez les bouddhistes
　　　　  Chinois du [V.sup.e] au [X.sup.e] siecle," in Melanges publies par
　　　　  l'Institut des hautes etudes chinoises (Paris: Presses
　　　　  Universitaires de France, 1960), 2:527-58, on this "first wave" of
　　　　  autocremation.
　　　　  (13) T.30.1581.916b. See Ono Hodo, Daijo kaikyo no kenkyu (Tokyo:
　　　　  Risosha, 1954), p. 271.
　　　　  (14) T.15.639.598a-599c. See Jean Filliozat. "La mort voluntaire par
　　　　  la fen et la tradition bouddhique indienne," Journal Asiatique, 251,
　　　　  no. 1 (1963): 21-51, The passage from the Lotus Sutra that was so
　　　　  inspirational is Miaofa lianfula jing, T.9.262.53b, trans, in Leon
　　　　  Hurvitz, Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma:
　　　　  Translated from the Chinese of Kumarujiva (New York: Columbia
　　　　  University Press, 1976), p. 295.
　　　　  (15) T.24.1484.1006a.
　　　　  (16) T.19.945.131c-132c. Compare Charles Luk's translation, The
　　　　  Surangama Sutra (London: Rider, 1966), pp. 151-57.
　　　　  (17) T.19.945.132b. Mamai (Sanskrit yava-tandula), literally,
　　　　  "horse-wheat." The reference is to an incident when King Agnidatta
　　　　  invited the Buddha to spend the summer retreat in Veranja. There was
　　　　  a famine, and so the Buddha and 500 bhiksus survived on horse fodder
　　　　  for three months. See Shanjianlu piposha (Samantapasadika),
　　　　  T.24.1462.706a-707a, trans. in R V. Bapat and A. Hirakawa,
　　　　  Shan-chien-p'i-po-sha; a Chinese version by Sanghabhadra of
　　　　  Samantapasadika (Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute,
　　　　  1970), p. 128.
　　　　  (18) An excellent example of this would be the "single practice" of
　　　　  charity (dana) recommended in the Xiangfia jueyi jing (The Book of
　　　　  Resolving Doubts Concerning the Semblance Dharma), a Chinese
　　　　  apocryphon particularly associated with the Three Stages sect. See
　　　　  Mark Edward Lewis, "The Suppression of the Three Stages Sect:
　　　　  Apocrypha as a Political Issue," in Buswell, ed. (n. 4 above), p.
　　　　  217.
　　　　  (19) This topic is given a fuller treatment in my forthcoming
　　　　  dissertation, but see, e.g., Isabelle Robinet, "Metamorphosis and