Shambala, 1979).
　　　　  (39) Wulin dazhaoqing lusi zhi (Gazetteer of the Great Zhaoqing
　　　　  Vinaya Monastery in Wulin), comp. Zhuanyu, preface dated 1742
　　　　  (reprinted as vol. 16 of Zhongguo fosi zhi [Taipei: Mingwen shuju,
　　　　  1980]), p. 253.
　　　　  (40) See Timothy Brook, Geographical Sources of Ming-Qing History
　　　　  (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Center for Chinese Studies,
　　　　  1988), pp. 49-466.
　　　　  (41) XZJ.60.277a and W.60.422b-c.
　　　　  (42) Han Changli wenji, jiaozhu (Annotated Complete Works of Han
　　　　  Changli [Han Yu]), ed. Ma Qichang (Shanghai: Gudian wenxue
　　　　  chubanshe, 1957), p. 615. See the discussion of this text and its
　　　　  repercussions in Charles Hartmen. Han Yu and the T'ang Search for
　　　　  Unify (Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 1996), pp. 94-86;
　　　　  135; 139-40; 158; 251; 258; 304, n. 166; 325, n. 58. Compare the
　　　　  translation by Homer H. Dubs, "Han Yu and the Buddha's Relic: An
　　　　  Episode in Medieval Chinese Religion," Review of Religion 11 (1946):
　　　　  11-12, which misleadingly overtranslates the characters shoo ding as
　　　　  "set fire [to incense] on the tops of their heads [in becoming
　　　　  monks]."
　　　　  (43) For accounts relating to 819, see Tang Huiyao (Essentials of
　　　　  the Tang), comp. Wang Pu [961 ] (Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1955),
　　　　  47/838; Au Tang shu (Old History of the Tang), comp. Liu Xu [945]
　　　　  (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1975), 160/4198, 15/466; and Hartman, pp.
　　　　  94-85. For 873, see the biography of Li Wei in Xin Tang shu (New
　　　　  History of the Tang), comp. Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi [10601 (Beijing:
　　　　  Zhonghua shuju, 1975), 181/5354.
　　　　  (44) Wudai huiyao (Essentials of the Five Dynasties), comp. Wang Pu
　　　　  (922-82) (Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1978), 12/202; Au Wudai
　　　　  shi (Old History of the Five Dynasties), comp. Xue Juzheng (912-81),
　　　　  (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1976), 115/1530.
　　　　  (45) This sounds very similar to techniques used for burning of the
　　　　  finger as witnessed in twentieth-century China. See Welch (n. 21
　　　　  above), pp. 324-25. Compare this with the slightly different
　　　　  technique used in Korea, as described by Buswell in The Zen Monastic
　　　　  Experience (n. 21 above), p. 196.
　　　　  (46) Zizhi tongjian jinzhu (A Comprehensive Mirror for the Aid of
　　　　  Government; with Contemporary Annotation) (Taipei: Taiwan Shangwuyin
　　　　  shuguan, 1966), pp. 292, 789.
　　　　  (47) De Groot, Le Code du Mahayana (n. 21 above), p. 210.
　　　　  (48) Prip-Moller (n. 21 above), p. 317; and J. J. M. de Groot,