left on the shore once the river has been crossed.

　　　　  For purposes of discussion, a three-fold process

　　   can be mapped within the Ch'an poetics:

　　   ────────────

　　   (31) Quoted by Lucien Stryk, The Penguin Book of Zen

　　　　   Poetry, p.14.

　　　　　　　　　　　　  P.361

　　　　  Great   Faith   (ta-hsin) ,  adherence   to  the

　　　　  doctrines of Buddhism;  "Our supreme faith..  is

　　　　  in the  Buddha's  enlightenment  experience, the

　　　　  substance  of  which  he  proclaimed  to be that

　　　　  human  nature, all  existence, is  intrinsically

　　　　  whole, flawless, omnipotent-in  a word, perfect.

　　　　  Without  unwavering  faith  in this the heart of

　　　　  the  Buddha's  teaching,  it  is  impossible  to

　　　　  progress far in one's practice."

　　　　  Great  Doubt(ta-yi-t'uan), a turning  away  from

　　　　  vicarious knowledge and toward self-reliance  by

　　　　  the  introduction   of  a  salutary  skepticism;

　　　　  "mass-doubt".. as to why the world should appear

　　　　  so  imperfect, so full  of  anxiety, strife, and

　　　　  sufering, when in fact our deep faith  tells  us

　　　　  exactly  the  opposite  is  true.  It is a doubt

　　　　  which  leaves  us no rest."  (32) As one  master

　　　　  observed: "The  heart  is  Buddha'-this  is  the

　　　　  medicine   for  sichk  people.   'No  Heart,  no

　　　　  Buddha'-this  is to cure  people  who  are  sick

　　　　  because of the medicine." (33)

　　　　  Great Death (ta-shi), the point of break-through

　　　　  with the "death" or eradication  of the illusory

　　　　  ego-self;  both faith and doubt  are transcended

　　　　  in that there  is no one in whom  that faith  or

　　　　  doubt can be anchored.

　　　　  Ch'an practice is designed to guide the student

　　   successively   through   these  three  levels,  each

　　   building  on  its  predecessor.  By  virtue  of this

　　   strategy, practitioners  viewed themselves as having

　　   gone beyond other Buddhists in terms of the depth of

　　   their  penetration  into  "original  nature"  or the

　　   present　　 state　　 of   Buddhahood.　　 Thus,   they