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The Poetics of Ch'an:Upaayic Poetry and Its Taosist(23)

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     distinguished three levels of broadening awareness:

 

      1. the  Way  of the  Ancient  Masters, based  on

       reading   Buddhist   Scripture   (and   hence

       restricted  to the limitations  of linguistic

       expression);

      2. Tathaagata  Ch'an, Ch'an of the Perfected One

       (ju-lai  ch'an), or the  Ch'an  of Emptiness,

       resulting from a non-reliance on language and

       Scriptures, inclu-

     ────────────

     (32) Cf.  Zen Master Hakuun Yasutani's  Lectures  on

       Zen, "10 The Three Essentials  of Zen Practice"

       in Philip Kapleau's  the Three Pillars  of Zen:

       Practice,  and  Enlightenment  (Boston:  Beacon

       Press, 1965), pp.58-60

     (33) Master  Nanyo,  Irmgard  Schloegl  trans.,  The

       Wisdom  of  the  Zen  Masters  (New  York:  New

       Directions, 1975), as quoted by p.55.

 

 

              P.362

 

       sive of Bodhidharma;

      3. the Ch'an of the Patriarchs (tsu shih ch'an),

       or  the  direct  experience  of enlightenment

       through mind to mind transmission, expressed

       not through conventional language, but rather

       through  either  action  (body  language)  or

       silence. (34)

     Only the thired level of awareness could claim to be

     complete and perfect, the other two being mere means

     to this ultimate end.

      A certain similarity  may be discerned here with

     the three  phases  of the teaching/learning  process

     recognized by the T'ien-t'ai sect:

 

      1. to sow  the seed  of Buddha's  wisdom  in the

       heart

      2. ripening of the seed

      3. harvesting of the seed, abandonment of

       all.(35)

 

     What distinguishes  the Ch'an  approach, however, is

     the crucial transitional  second stage that directly

     contradicts  the  initial  stage.  In  contrast, the

     T'ien-t'ai methodology nurtures the seed sown in the